The causes of bulimia
Bulimia develops from a mix of factors. Genetics can play a role, people with a family history of eating disorders are at higher risk. Psychological issues like low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression often go hand-in-hand with the condition.
Cultural pressure to stay thin and meet unrealistic body standards can also trigger bulimia. On top of that, stressful life events, like trauma or major changes, may push someone toward disordered eating behaviours.
Symptoms of bulimia
Bulimia affects both the body and mind. Common symptoms include:
- Binge eating: Eating large amounts of food quickly, often followed by guilt or shame.
- Purging: Forcing vomiting, overusing laxatives or diuretics, or exercising excessively to “undo” eating.
- Obsession with weight and body image: Constant worry about appearance, often with a distorted view of one’s body.
- Physical signs: Fluctuating weight, dental damage, swollen glands, stomach problems, fatigue, sleep issues, and even heart problems.
How bulimia is diagnosed
Doctors diagnose bulimia through a full evaluation, including physical exams and mental health assessments. They look at eating habits, behaviours, and symptoms to get a clear picture.
The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) provides the official criteria for diagnosis. In some cases, input from family or loved ones can help by offering more insight into the person’s behaviour.
How Bulimia can be Treated
Bulimia treatment needs a personalised, multi-layered approach. The most effective plans usually combine:
- Psychotherapy: Especially Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), which helps change harmful thoughts and eating habits.
- Nutritional counselling: Offers guidance on building healthier eating routines.
- Medical care: Addresses any physical health issues caused by the disorder.
In some cases, doctors may also prescribe antidepressants to help manage related symptoms like anxiety or depression.